Drug Abuse at Sea:

MDMA (Ecstasy)

Ecstasy is a drug called MDMA (methylene dioxymthlamphetamine), a natural version of which is found in nutmeg and oil of sassafras. Ecstasy is a stimulant drug with some of the properties of LSD but it does not cause hallucinations. It has only been used widely as a recreational drug since the mid 1980s and little is known about the possible long term effects.

Ecstasy is a white powder but usually comes in tablet or capsule form which vary widely in colour and size. These different 'brands' of ecstasy are sold under different names. Tablets change from week to week and counterfeit tablets are sold widely so descriptions and brand names are pointless. However many are based on cartoon characters, animals, cars or other symbols and an impression is shown on the face of the tablet. Half of all ecstasy tablets seized contain no MDMA but contain LSD, amphetamine MDA and ketamine.

Administration

Tablets are swallowed.

Associated Equipment

None.

Degree of Addiction

Psychological addiction:     moderate
Environmental addiction:    strong
Physical addiction:               none
Body tolerance:                     moderate

Influence and Symptoms

The effects of ecstasy depend on the amount taken and the surroundings in which the drug is taken. These include sweating, dry mouth, increased heart rate and loss of appetite. This may be followed by feelings of serenity and calm, emotional closeness and understanding with people around. There is often an increase in the sensitivity of both touch and hearing. Ecstasy is not a truly hallucinogenic drug but some images are sometimes seen when high doses are used. The effects usually peak for about two hours although they may persist for several hours in total.

Ecstasy can leave users feeling tired and depressed for days and has been linked to liver and kidney problems. Other side effects include nausea, dizziness and jaw tension. When taken in larger doses users may suffer anxiety and panic attacks, insomnia and confusion.